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Drycleaning uses fluids to remove soil and stains
from fabric. In fact, the term "drycleaning" is misleading; it
is called drycleaning because the fluid contains little or no water
and does not penetrate the fibers as water does.
Among the advantages of drycleaning is its
ability to dissolve greases and oils in a way that water cannot.
Natural fibers such as wools and silks dryclean beautifully, but can
shrink, distort, and lose color when washed in water. Synthetic
fibers such as polyester also respond well to drycleaning, while
they can retain oily stains after washing. Drycleaning helps to
return garments to a "like-new" condition using precautions to
prevent shrinkage, loss of color, and fabric distortion.
The drycleaning process begins with the
pretreatment of spots and stains using special cleaning agents. The
garments are then loaded into a machine resembling an oversized
front-loading home washer. It produces similar mechanical action to
loosen embedded dirt. Throughout the cleaning process, the fluid is
filtered or distilled to ensure clarity.
Today, the solvent used by almost 90
percent of all drycleaners is perchloroethylene, commonly known as
"perc". Introduced to the drycleaning industry in the late
1930s, perc offers many practical and environmental benefits which
have led to its popular use as cleaning agent. It is completely
non-flammable and non-combustible, of relatively low toxicity, and
can be efficiently reused and recycled.
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